The General States in Shiraz (1892-1918)

Abstract

The city of Shiraz has a very important position among other Iranian cities. Its special geographical location, moderate climate, abundant water, and fertile land helped grow multiple crops. The city is famous for many local industries, especially the career of hand weaving, the craft of metal engraving and the manufacture of silver, rings, and coloured kashi. Trade is of great importance because it is located on the main commercial road known as (the Royal Road), and thus, it formed a commercial centre in southern Iran. Administratively, Shiraz was divided into seven districts, which were classified as sectarianism. Many governors had ruled Faris, so they called( ARK) the administrative headquarters of Shiraz. In the educational and cognitive field, Shira was famous for an educational system similar to the education system prevailing in other Islamic countries, which developed from katabim to ancient religious schools and then modern schools. Culturally , the first printing press was established in Shiraz during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1808-1848). The first weekly Shiraz newspaper was printed in the Arabic and Persian languages, covering social, educational, and news topics. Several years later, Shira occupied the second rank after Tehran in issuing newspapers and establishing printing presses. Politically, Shiraz was deeply influenced by foreign liberal ideas because merchants, immigrants, and some intellectuals passed through it.  One of them, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani who, came to Iran,  his political and religious ideas against tyranny. His speeches were influential in raising the religious and cultural awareness of the Shirazians, so they had a major role in the constitutional revolution that took place in Iran (1905-1911).