The Development of Egyptian`s Nationalist Thought during the British Occupation ( 1882-1922)

Abstract

          This research studies the development of nationalist thought in Egypt during the period (1882 – 1922), tracing its origins and historical impact since the French invasion of Egypt in 1798, which find out a new political and cultural consciousness. Passing  by the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805-1848) and the sending of scholarly missions to Europe. The reformist ideas espoused by pioneers of the intellectual renaissance, such as Rifa'a al-Tahtawi, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, and Muhammad Abduh, contributed to the development of Egyptian national consciousness. The research focuses on the Egyptian`s national movement in its various forms, such as the Urabi Revolution led by Ahmed Urabi, the Constitutional Movement led by Mustafa Kamel, the peaceful reform movement led by Muhammad Abduh, and the revolution of 1919 ,which marked an important turning point in British`s occupation policies toward Egypt. The research aims to analyze the influence of nationalist thought on intellectual and political resistance, and  its contributed to directing the struggle against colonial oppression and building an unified national project.  The researcher counted on the descriptive and analytical approach, depending on historical and academic sources. This enabled  to study the impact of nationalist thought on shaping the modern national identity and highlight the pivotal role of nationalist leaders in resisting occupation and enhancing the political and social awareness of the Egyptian people. The research concludes that nationalist thought was a fundamental element in guiding the national movement and formulating a comprehensive national project that left a long-lasting impact on the development of the modern Egyptian state.