Spectral Indicators Used in Monitoring Climate Change in Salah al-Din Governorate

Abstract

Spectral indices are defined as mathematical coefficients derived from spectral values recorded in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum by satellite sensors. They aim to highlight the physical and environmental characteristics of the Earth's surface in a digitally analyzable and comparable manner. These indices rely on the relative relationships between spectral bands, allowing for the reduction of the effects of lighting and weather conditions, and providing a more accurate representation of vegetation cover, soil moisture, surface temperature, and other environmental variables associated with climate change.